Ethical Principles - 1475 Words

An Analysis of Ethical Principles in The Evaluation The term ‘ethical’, as I have come to apprehend it, is not just conforming to putative standards of conduct, but dealing with what is good or bad and with moral duty and obligation. Thomas A. Schwandt, a professor at the University of Illinois, notes that â€Å"while we can live in a world without standards and guidelines, we cannot live in a world without ethics.† Although, standards and guidelines have become prominent and are important guides in today’s evaluation process, a greater emphasis is laid on high ethical standards. Evaluators are faced with challenging issues in which they are expected to act in ways that are consistent with the principles of the company and epitomize exemplary†¦show more content†¦As an Egoist, Evans would implement the standard system because it serves his best interest. Evans concern is with the success of his company, and he is worried that not imposing this norm would cause problems for the company in the long run. As Evan states, â€Å"it would not give recognition for exceptional performance and so effective SCC managers would probably vote with their feet, confident†¦ they could walk into another probably better-paid job the same, or at the latest, the next day.† Although Evans is aware that his proposed actions may cost the company an effective manager, he would overlook Somsak’s feelings in hope that his subordinates and colleagues would respect his new approach. On the other hand, viewing the problem from a group relativist perspective, which focuses on the expectations others have on our behavior; things would turn out differently than in the pervious perspective. A group relativist believes that his best choice is one that supports the interest of the group. A group relativist would ask himself if his actions relate to that of his group’s norms. If his actions are contrary to that of his group, then it is not accepted. Therefore, Evans would modify the pervious changes he made to the system and upgrade Somsak because his fellow predecessors considered it the common practice. As Denis Collins states, â€Å"associating oneself to the ethical standard ofShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Principles Of Respect For Autonomy984 Words   |  4 Pagesnurse to administer blood despite Mark’s refusal. This situation presents an ethical dilemma to the health professionals involved in Mark’s care. The ethical dilemma is whether to upho ld his decision not to receive the blood and therefore risk his life or give him the blood to save his life despite knowing his religious status and beliefs. There are several ethical principles involved in this scenario. The ethical principles of respect for Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Veracity and FidelityRead MoreDomestic Surveillance And Ethical Principles1859 Words   |  8 PagesDomestic Surveillance and Ethical Principles Why do we neglect any ethical principles? According to the basics of utilitarianism, human deeds focus on common welfare. When we turn into spy’s and follow our family members, we hope that it will work in favor of our family welfare and common utility. We can compare home spying with domestic surveillance to show how ethical principles work in this area. â€Å"As a matter of fact, domestic surveillance focuses on potential crime prevention. On the other handRead MorePrinciples That Build The Foundation For Ethical Leadership761 Words   |  4 PagesThere are five principles that build the foundation for ethical leadership: respects others, serves others, shows justice, manifests honesty, and builds community (Northouse, 2016, p. 341). 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Even so, on February 1st, 1951, the day Henrietta Lacks walked in to John Hopkins Hospital, was the day we started looking at cell research a lot differently. Ethical Principles On August 1st, 1920, Henrietta Lacks, a black woman from Virginia, was born. When she was just 21 years old, she moved to Baltimore, Maryland. February 1st, 1951; Henrietta entered the John Hopkins Hospital to see a gynecologist, complainingRead MoreEthical Principles1161 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Principles Paper Nadia Brown University of Phoenix Ethical Principles Paper Henrietta Lacks was born on August 1, 1920, in Roanoke, Virginia and she died due to complications of cervical cancer on October 4, 1951.She had been receiving treatment at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. At the hospital she was treated with radium tube inserts, which is said to be the standard treatment for cervical cancer in 1951. As a matter of routine, samples of her cervix were removedRead MoreThe Importance of Self-Awareness in Counselling2351 Words   |  10 PagesSaunders (2011). First Steps in Counselling. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS BOOKS. P36) Ethics can be defined as a set of moral principles or rules of conduct. Ethical principles and stand points play a major role in the decisions and angles that counsellors make and take in order to give the best possible help to a client. Counselling and psychotherapy practices are governed by a set of ethical principles developed by the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). They are as follows: Fidelity:Read MoreEthical Principles, Decision And Principle1792 Words   |  8 PagesIn making ethical principles, decision and applying them in this case study scenarios; there are approaches to ethical analysis in addition to ethical systems and principles that will need to be considered especially where power and authority become the main issue and principle. John Rawls (1957) presented an abstract procedure for deciding moral issues. He stated that â€Å"moral principles can be developed through inductive logic which is through moral judgments such as common sense, open mind, personalRead MoreThe Diet Of A Baby Girl Named IIce1825 Words   |  8 Pages IIce was well nourished and was beginning to develop more than normally. However, IIce suffered from permanent neurological damage due to prematurity and malnutrition. Ethical Principles The ethical principles involved include: Autonomy, Finality, Justice, Non-maleficence, Utility, Tolerance and Rationality. These principles can be applied to the case as a whole or to specific events that unfolded. In respect to IIce, non-maleficence was violated when she was in the care of her parents. Her parentsRead MoreAn Ethical Framework And Ethical Principles3227 Words   |  13 Pagestreatment for the patient whilst adhering to the applicable legal and ethical frameworks imposed. In order to achieve this the assignment will commence by critically analysing how an ethical framework and ethical principles can and should be applied to both the above scenario and more generally in paramedic practice. From this understanding of the underlying principles the assignment will next examine both the legal and ethical standpoints surrounding capacity and consent and analyse how these should

Analysis Of Tony Morrison s The Bluest Eye - 2073 Words

Vincent DiRienzo ENG 320 05-14-15 Race and Gender in the Bluest Eye In the Bluest Eye, Tony Morrison shows beauty and the value of it from the viewpoint of the black’s and how people in black society impose the white standards onto its people. Pecola Breedlove is an African American girl who longs to be loved and accepted in all communities especially her own. She lives in a world where members of her own race define aesthetic beauty based on white culture. Pecola has an odd transfixion of having the bluest eyes as she sees that it would completely change the perspective of people around her and the way she sees herself. The main story’s viewpoint is told by her neighbor Claudia MacTeer who can relate to the story by her own upbringing as Pecola had. It also shows how the community that they grew up had a strong impact on the consequences of the novel. Thus we have the novel show the perspective of race and gender stereotypes which have negative impact on the lives of the characters. The stereotype of whiteness in the Bluest Eye is shown to be known for innocence, beauty, being clean and purity. The characters have a mindset of white culture and each one has a problem or desire to obtain this way of life. Race is such a powerful determinant in the Bluest Eye that it leads some characters to do things society would not accept. Pecola’s father Cholly within the novel is humiliated by white police as he loses his virginity and this leads him to show hate towards women andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Tony Morrison s The Bluest Eye 1263 Words   |  6 Pages Pecola’s Eyes and Vision Tony Morrison is a famous, exciting, American writer, describes as a major figure of the entire African American nation within the American community. â€Å"The Bluest Eye† published in 1970, is one of the most impressive novels of the author describing the Great American Depression. The contexts and the structure of the story looks as if it was written for children. This realistic story describes the manner of life and reality of the African American, suffering form the pressureRead MoreAnalysis Of Tony Morrison s The Bluest Eye 1314 Words   |  6 PagesvvPecola’s Eyes and Vision Tony Morrison is a famous, exciting, American writer, describes as a major figure of the entire African American nation within the American community. â€Å"The Bluest Eye† published in 1970, is one of the most impressive novels of the author describing the Great American Depression. The contexts and the structure of the story looks as if it was written for children. This realistic story describes the manner of life and reality of the African American, suffering form the pressure

Deception Point Page 34 Free Essays

Tolland looked only partially comforted, his relief apparently clouded by a deeper mystery. â€Å"I can’t be for sure without a microscope,† Tolland said, â€Å"but it looks to me like this is a bioluminescent plankton from the phylum Pyrrophyta. Its name means fire plant. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 34 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Arctic Ocean is filled with it.† Corky shrugged. â€Å"So why’d you ask if they were from space?† â€Å"Because,† Tolland said, â€Å"the meteorite was buried in glacial ice-fresh water from snowfalls. The water in that hole is glacial melt and has been frozen for three centuries. How could ocean creatures get in there?† Tolland’s point brought a long silence. Rachel stood at the edge of the pool and tried to get her mind around what she was looking at. Bioluminescent plankton in the extraction shaft. What does it mean? â€Å"There’s got to be a crack somewhere down there,† Tolland said. â€Å"It’s the only explanation. The plankton must have entered the shaft through a fissure in the ice that allowed ocean water to seep in.† Rachel didn’t understand. â€Å"Seep in? From where?† She recalled her long IceRover ride in from the ocean. â€Å"The coast is a good two miles from here.† Both Corky and Tolland gave Rachel an odd look. â€Å"Actually,† Corky said, â€Å"the ocean is directly underneath us. This slab of ice is floating.† Rachel stared at the two men, feeling utterly perplexed. â€Å"Floating? But†¦ we’re on a glacier.† â€Å"Yes, we’re on a glacier,† Tolland said, â€Å"but we’re not over land. Glaciers sometimes flow off a landmass and fan out over water. Because ice is lighter than water, the glacier simply continues to flow, floating out over the ocean like an enormous ice raft. That’s the definition of an ice shelf†¦ the floating section of a glacier.† He paused. â€Å"We’re actually almost a mile out to sea at the moment.† Shocked, Rachel instantly became wary. As she adjusted her mental picture of her surroundings, the thought of standing over the Arctic Ocean brought with it a sense of fear. Tolland seemed to sense her uneasiness. He stamped his foot reassuringly on the ice. â€Å"Don’t worry. This ice is three hundred feet thick, with two hundred of those feet floating below the water like an ice cube in a glass. Makes the shelf very stable. You could build a skyscraper on this thing.† Rachel gave a wan nod, not entirely convinced. The misgivings aside, she now understood Tolland’s theory about the origins of the plankton. He thinks there’s a crack that goes all the way down to the ocean, allowing plankton to come up through it into the hole. It was feasible, Rachel decided, and yet it involved a paradox that bothered her. Norah Mangor had been very clear about the integrity of the glacier, having drilled dozens of test cores to confirm its solidity. Rachel looked at Tolland. â€Å"I thought the glacier’s perfection was the cornerstone of all the strata-dating records. Didn’t Dr. Mangor say the glacier had no cracks or fissures?† Corky frowned. â€Å"Looks like the ice queen muffed it.† Don’t say that too loudly, Rachel thought, or you’ll get an ice pick in the back. Tolland stroked his chin as he watched the phosphorescing creatures. â€Å"There’s literally no other explanation. There must be a crack. The weight of the ice shelf on top of the ocean must be pushing plankton-rich sea-water up into the hole.† One hell of a crack, Rachel thought. If the ice here was three hundred feet thick and the hole was two hundred feet deep, then this hypothetical crack had to pass through a hundred feet of solid ice. Norah Mangor’s test cores showed no cracks. â€Å"Do me a favor,† Tolland said to Corky. â€Å"Go find Norah. Let’s hope to God she knows something about this glacier that she’s not telling us. And find Ming, too, maybe he can tell us what these little glow-beasties are.† Corky headed off. â€Å"Better hurry,† Tolland called after him, glancing back into the hole. â€Å"I could swear this bioluminescence is fading.† Rachel looked at the hole. Sure enough, the green was not so brilliant now. Tolland removed his parka and lay down on the ice next to the hole. Rachel watched, confused. â€Å"Mike?† â€Å"I want to find out if there’s any saltwater flowing in.† â€Å"By lying on the ice without a coat?† â€Å"Yup.† Tolland crawled on his belly to the edge of the hole. Holding one sleeve of the coat over the edge, he let the other sleeve dangle down the shaft until the cuff skimmed the water. â€Å"This is a highly accurate salinity test used by world-class oceanographers. It’s called ‘licking a wet jacket.'† Out on the ice shelf, Delta-One struggled with the controls, trying to keep the damaged microbot in flight over the group now assembled around the excavation pit. From the sounds of the conversation beneath, he knew things were unraveling fast. â€Å"Call the controller,† he said. â€Å"We’ve got a serious problem.† 40 Gabrielle Ashe had taken the White House public tour many times in her youth, secretly dreaming of someday working inside the presidential mansion and becoming part of the elite team that charted the country’s future. At the moment, however, she would have preferred to be anywhere else in the world. As the Secret Serviceman from the East Gate led Gabrielle into an ornate foyer, she wondered what in the world her anonymous informant was trying to prove. Inviting Gabrielle into the White House was insane. What if I’m seen? Gabrielle had become quite visible lately in the media as Senator Sexton’s right-hand aide. Certainly someone would recognize her. â€Å"Ms. Ashe?† Gabrielle looked up. A kind-faced sentry in the foyer gave her a welcoming smile. â€Å"Look over there, please.† He pointed. Gabrielle looked where he was pointing and was blinded by a flashbulb. â€Å"Thank you, ma’am.† The sentry led her to a desk and handed her a pen. â€Å"Please sign the entry log.† He pushed a heavy leather binder in front of her. Gabrielle looked at the log. The page before her was blank. She recalled hearing once that all White House visitors sign on their own blank page to preserve the privacy of their visit. She signed her name. So much for a secret meeting. Gabrielle walked through a metal detector, and was then given a cursory pat down. The sentry smiled. â€Å"Enjoy your visit, Ms. Ashe.† Gabrielle followed the Secret Serviceman fifty feet down a tiled hallway to a second security desk. Here, another sentry was assembling a guest pass that was just rolling out of a lamination machine. He punched a hole in it, affixed a neck cord, and slipped it over Gabrielle’s head. The plastic was still warm. The photo on the ID was the snapshot they had taken fifteen seconds earlier down the hall. Gabrielle was impressed. Who says government is inefficient? They continued, the Secret Serviceman leading her deeper into the White House complex. Gabrielle was feeling more uneasy with every step. Whoever had extended the mysterious invitation certainly was not concerned about keeping the meeting private. Gabrielle had been issued an official pass, signed the guest log, and was now being marched in plain view through the first floor of the White House where public tours were gathered. â€Å"And this is the China Room,† a tour guide was saying to a group of tourists, â€Å"home of Nancy Reagan’s $952 per setting red-rimmed china that sparked a debate over conspicuous consumption back in 1981.† The Secret Serviceman led Gabrielle past the tour toward a huge marble staircase, where another tour was ascending. â€Å"You are about to enter the thirty-two-hundred-square-foot East Room,† the guide was narrating, â€Å"where Abigail Adams once hung John Adams’s laundry. Then we will pass to the Red Room, where Dolley Madison liquored up visiting heads of state before James Madison negotiated with them.† How to cite Deception Point Page 34, Essay examples

Clinical Importance Of Neuroimaging Techniques †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Clinical Importance Of Neuroimaging Techniques. Answer: Clinical Importance Of Neuroimaging Techniques Neurological deaths have become an issue globally; this is due to the increase in the number of neurological disorders. Researchers have developed neuroimaging techniques to curb or reduce the number of deaths. Neuroimaging also called brain imaging techniques include the following magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, near-infrared spectroscopy and chromatography scan. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used by clinicians to check for the extent of brain damage caused by trauma. The abrupt increase in brain injuries caused by trauma has been approved to have affected most people globally with about 100 to 550 per 100,000 people annually (Vos et al., 2012, p.207-219). In MRI scan the patient head is laid on a machine which uses strong magnets and radio frequency which is later sent to the computer. It shows if the brain tissue is damaged or if there is bleeding in the brain or a nerve injury. Sometimes a dye is given through a vein before the scan is performed to show pictures of the brain more clearly.MRI has also been used by clinicians to check for brain tumors in the brain. Cancer has become a major problem affecting individuals globally. The major common signs and symptoms of a tumor include disorder in the movement of the limb, lack of sensation in some parts of the body, vision and speech disturbance (Kimura et al., 2013, p.233-238). C ontrast agents have been used to visualize clearly the size, vasculature, and hemorrhage within the tumors since this features cannot be seen with formal imaging. MRI has also been used to check for cancer in its early stages, it has been used to check for a mass if the client has been showing signs that my call for a tumor and the stage of the client's cancer and lastly plan for treatment of the client (Gilles et al., 2012, p.633-638). MRI has been used to check for lesions in the brain and spinal cord caused by multiple sclerosis, which is known to have been caused by demyelination of the nerves of the central nervous system which is considered to be an autoimmune disorder. White matter in the brain and spinal cord is known to be affected most. The symptoms of multiple sclerosis include fatigue which gets worse after exercising; vision problems or sometimes a temporary loss of vision, partial or total lack of sensation, problems with movements and neuropathic pain.MRI has been used for examination, identifying the nature or cause of the disease and treatment of multiple sclerosis (Gallagher et al., 2013, p.439-441). Its the most used imaging technique for a patient with multiple sclerosis.MRI has been used to show lesions in the corpus callosum. Clients with multiple sclerosis manifest with a large number white matter plaques. MRI has been used in the diagnosis of dementia; this scan is usually done to rule out other diseases that may have the same signs and symptoms. Dementia is a gradual decrease in mental ability which affects the intellectual process. The signs and symptoms include memory loss, difficulty in communication, a decrease in the reasoning and judgment (Breteler et al., 2014, p.1246-1252). Dementia is due to damage to the brain cells which affects the ability of other brain cells to transmit information to each other. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) is a method used in evaluating the brains behavior. It functions by observing the blood flow in the brain that occurs after a neuronal activity. The brain consumes more oxygen during its active state hence increased blood flow to the area. fMRI has been used to show the areas in the brain that are connected during the mental process (Decety et al., 2013). Its advantages are that it does not involve any radiation and it has the best temporal resolution. Researchers have used fMRI to try to understand the cognitive process whereby the past experience is remembered, understand the language, pain and the ability to gain knowledge or skills. Physicians use fMRI to observe the anatomy of the brain to find out the parts of the brain that are dealing with vital functions such as cognition, oral communication, change in position or location and sensation. It has also been used to assess the effects that are caused by stroke. It has also been used to observe the development of brain tumors. It has also been used by the surgeons as a guide during surgical treatments of the brain. Computer Tomography Scan Computed tomography (CT) is done by a specific x-ray that brings forth double images of the inside body. A CT scanner is a equipment with a hole or tunnel in the middle where the patient rests in a supine position on a table like structure which later slides into the tunnel. Inside the tunnels, there are rotating x-ray tubes. CT scans have been used to check for head injuries that might have been caused by road accidents, check for bleeding in the brain that might have been caused by trauma and tumors in the brain (Hitoshi et al., 2016). It has also helped the doctor to determine the nature of the tumor and plan radiation treatment for the brain tumor. Ct scan is also used to detect hydrocephalus in patients due to the abnormal increase in the ventricles due to the accumulation of cerebral spinal fluid. Its also used to check for deformities of the skull such as the frontal nasal dysplasia and facial clefts. Ct scans are also performed in areas of the brain to investigate the tissue or bone damage in patients who had a facial injury and there is a surgical reconstruction of the facial bone. It has also been used to check for hearing problems that might have been caused by damage or disease of the temporal bone. It has also been used by surgeons as a guide during needle insertion to get a tissue sample from the brain. Position Emission Tomography Scan Position emission tomography which is also called PET scan applies energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays to show the bodies behavior on the cellular level. It is mostly combined with CT and MRI scan to produce three-dimensional high-quality images of the human body (Scheel et al., 2012). While MRI scan shows the structure of the organ PET scan shows the physical appearance of the organ and how its functioning inside the body. Investigations such as epilepsy are usually done PET scan which shows the part of the brain that has been affected mostly which later allows the doctor to decide on the best treatment. It can also be used to diagnose Alzheimer this is confirmed by checking the consumption of sugar in specific areas of the brain. PET scans have also been used to disclose the presence of cancer, its spread and development in the brain; it also shows the progress of the chemotherapy treatment. Its used to check parts in the heart that have been damaged and esta blish the solution to the circulation problems. Electroencephalogram Test Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test used to check how the brain produces and transmit electrical impulses. Cells found in the brain transmit information through electrical impulses.EEG is used to detect difficulty with brain activities.EEG recording results usually look like lines in a waveform. Any irregularities in the normal wavy line may be a sign of seizures or other brain disorders. EEG Measurements are used to confirm conditions such as head injury caused by accidents, inflammation of the brain tissues, the brain tumor which interferes with the transmission of brain impulses and insomnia (Sharma et al., 2017, p.90-95). When the patient is in deep coma EEG may be used to check the level of brain activity or during surgery to monitor its activity. It has also been used to confirm brain death due to the absence of electrical impulses in the brain. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR) is used by researchers to check the oxygenation of the brain tissues especially the prefrontal cortex. This has given an opportunity for researchers to check for the brain function such as the ability to concentrate, the power of retaining or recalling recent events and the ability to plan and solve problems. fNIR has been used to observe the human cognitive function. Studies have shown that it can effectively check the concentration level and working memory (Lloyd et al., 2014, p.1264-1267). Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is the most modern technique of evaluating the brain while it actively functions. It does not involve puncturing the skin or entering the body, it's painless and preferred for all ages. It shows the normal functioning neurons and locates exactly the damaged neurons. It has also been used to check the brains activity example epilepsy or to examine its reaction to the external stimuli example language or vision (Mathiak et al., 2012, p.125-131). It evaluates neuronal action directly and its electrical activity millisecond by millisecond. For individual with epilepsy MEG has helped to locate exactly the root of the epileptic discharges with exception of introduction of electronic electrodes. Position Emission Tomography Positron emission tomography (PET) uses little amount radioactive materials a special camera and computer to check for organ and tissue function. Its often used to identify the disease in its early onset, detection of cancers and check whether it has spread to other brain tissues and plan chemotherapy treatment (Bergerson et al., 2012, p.136-141). It has also been used to diagnose neurological disorders and evaluate circulation of blood, oxygen consumption and glucose metabolism in the brain. References Bergerson M, et al., (2012). Head fixation device for reproducible position alignment in transmission CT and positron emission tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr ed 5. pg: 136-141. Breteler M. et al., (2014). Cerebral white matter lesions, vascular risk factors and cognitive function in a population-based study. Neurology ed 44. Pg: 12461252. Decety J., Skelly L. R., Kiehl K. A. (2013). Brain response to empathy-eliciting scenarios involving pain incarcerated individuals with psychopathy. Gallagher HL, MacManus DG, Webb SL, Miller DH (2013). A reproducible repositioning method for serial magnetic resonance imaging studies of the brain in treatment trials for multiple sclerosis. ed 7. Pg: 439441. Gilles R., Guinebretiere JM., Toussaint C (2012). Locally advanced breast cancer: contrast-enhanced subtraction MR imaging of response to preoperative chemotherapy. ed 191 pg: 633-638. Hitoshi Y. el al., (2016) Head computed tomographic measurement as a predictor of outcome in patients with subdural hematoma with cerebral edema. Kimura H. et al., (2013) Tumor vascularity in the brain: evaluation with dynamic susceptibility-contrast MR imaging. Medline ed189 pg: 233238. Lloyd-Fox, S., Papademetriou, M., Darboe, M. K., Everdell, N. L., Wegmuller (2014) noninvasive, infrared monitoring of cerebral and myocardial oxygen sufficiency and circulation parameters. Pg: 1264-1267. Mathiak K, Hertrich I, Lutzenberger W, Ackermann H, (2013) Encoding of temporal speech features (formant transients) during binaural and dichotic stimulus application: a whole-head magnetoencephalography study; Crossref, Medline ed 10 pg: 125131 Scheel V et al., (2012) MR-based attenuation correction for PET/MR: a novel approach combining pattern recognition and atlas registration. Shahram M. et al., (2017) Prevalence and Risk Factors for Early Seizure in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis from National Trauma Data Bank. Neurocritical Care vol (27)(1), pg: 90-95. Vos P. etal., (2012) EFNS guideline on mild traumatic brain injury:report of an EFNS task force. Eur J Neurol ed 9 pg: 207219.

Quasars And Active Galaxies Essays - Physical Cosmology, Quasar

Quasars And Active Galaxies Amy A. Zeleznik Peter Anderson GSC 158 11 November 1999 Quasars and Active Galaxies The astronomical world is full of phenomena beyond the average persons imagination. The technical tools and analytical methods astronomers use are very complex. The enormous numbers and distances are mind boggling. Theories behind astronomical phenomena are based on yet another theory. In order to understand the concept of quasars and active galaxies, one must first have a feel for the astronomical numbers involved. Secondly, a basic knowledge of the tools of the trade, and finally, a working knowledge of astronomical jargon. Once there is a working knowledge of the aforementioned factors, then there is the chance that one could be able to assimilate the complex theoretical properties that are used to discuss quasars and active galaxies. In order to understand the large numbers used to express the vast distances discussed in astronomy, one needs to relate these numbers to everyday life. During everyday conversation, people may say things like the national debt is trillions of dollars, the lottery is up to 31 million dollars, or John Doe is a billionaire. An astronomer might say that one astronomical unit equals 93,000,000 miles or that a light-year is 5,870,000,000,000,000 miles. The human comprehension level of all of these terms is probably nowhere near the actual truth behind how large these numbers really are. To obtain a feel for these gigantic distances used by astronomers, Astronomy Magazine writer, John P. Wiley says it may be helpful to keep in mind that it takes thirty-one years to count to one billion at the rate of one number per second. He also puts a voyage to a galaxy that is a billion light-years away into perspective by calculating how long it would take to get there in a vessel speeding along at 18, 000 miles an hour. The trip would take 37 trillion years. When discussing galaxies and quasars, billions are the smallest numbers used (56,57). The theory of how quasars are created is based on the idea that the universe is expanding. Among astronomers, the popular consensus is that the Earth is in an expanding universe in which the laws of physics will hold true beyond this planet as well. G. Mark Voit, an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute, believes that the beginning of the universe was a time when many galaxies would be visible to the naked eye because the universe was more condensed than it is in present day. In the centers of many galaxies would be radiant objects that looked like stars but seemed brighter than all of the stars in its galaxy. Contemporary astronomers call these star-like objects quasars and believe their presence more plentiful during the early formation of the universe (41). A professor of astronomy at the University of Wales states that Quasars were . . . more prevalent in the epoch of high galaxy density, when the universe was younger and more crowded than it is now (Disney 57). The quasars seen today are billions of light-years away indicating that they have already come and gone, and they no longer exist. A galactic collision is a probable catalyst for the birth of a quasar. It is possible that the diminishing population of quasars is due to the expansion of the universe. Disney reports that the Hubble Telescope reveals that about three quarters of the host galaxies appeared to be colliding with or swallowing other galaxies (56). As the galaxies spread further apart, there were fewer collisions among them. The distance provides less swirling matter and gasses, and gives the galaxy room to settle and mature. The minimized violence of collisions during galactic evolution is theoretically related to the decline of quasars (Disney 56,57; Peterson 60; Voit 42). Stephen Hawkings Universe shows that initial quasar discovery was dependent on a combination of spectroscopy and radio astronomy. A brief description of spectroscopy is when a ray of light is split into the colors of a rainbow through a spectrum, energy is emitted or absorbed by the colors. Astronomers use the spectra of light to determine temperature, velocity, and more. The majority of astronomers believe that if the spectra of a point of light has a significant redshift, then the

Saint John Of The Cross Essays - Doctors Of The Church, Free Essays

Saint John Of The Cross Essays - Doctors Of The Church, Free Essays Saint John Of The Cross Saint John of the Cross - I abandoned and forgot myself, laying my face on my Beloved; all things ceased; I went out from myself, leaving my cares forgotten among the lilies. John of the Cross is one of the acknowledged masters of mystical theology. It is thought among present day theologians that there is no other writer who has had a greater influence on Catholic spirituality than John of the Cross. He is a canonized saint of the Catholic Church and was made a Doctor of the Church because of his extreme influence on present day doctrine. His dedication as a leader in service is surpassed only by his deep faith in the workings of the Trinity through Jesus on earth as a model and the Holy Spirit as our guide to a life of spirituality. John of the Cross was born Juan de Yepes in 1542 to a poor family of Spanish nobility. When John was a boy, he attended a school for poor children, gaining a basic education, and the opportunity to learn skills from local craftsmen. When he was 17, John began to work at the Plague Hospital de la Concepcion, and its founder offered to let him attend the Jesuit College, so long as he did not neglect his hospital duties. From 1559 to 1563, John studied with the Jesuits, learning Latin, Greek, and other subjects. He was offered the chance to study for the secular priesthood, which would have given him material security, but he felt God was calling him to Religious life. At age 20, he entered the Carmelite Order, being clothed with the habit on February 24, 1563, and taking the name Juan de Santo Matia (John of Saint Matthias). He was ordained in 1567, and said his first Mass in Medina del Campo. During that trip, he first met Teresa of Avila, and she encouraged him to promote her reform among the men's Order. John spent much of his time working for the reformation of the Carmelite Order and in the overall service of others. However, there were said problems with his ideas of reform from certain members of his Order. On the night of December 2, 1577, a group of Carmelites, lay people, and men-at-arms broke into Johns quarters, seized him, and took him away. The men led John away, handcuffed, and blindfolded, to a monastery in Toledo. John stood accused of being rebellious and as an overall threat to the Order. John would have to submit to the demands of the Order, or undergo severe punishment. Nonetheless, John refused to renounce the reform in which he so truly had faith. John was locked up in the monastery prison because of his strong convictions toward reform. He was placed in a windowless dark room of six by ten feet, with little light, and with little air. This hole of a cell was exposed to the terribly cold winter months and the suffocating heat of the summer months. This, aside for the beatings, the filth, the forced fasting, and the lice, made it an unfavorable situation for anyone. However, John did not see the situation as the rest of humanity would see it. John found the situation to be a blessing because he was able to remove all of his earthly needs and desires, and find the true place where God was hidden. God brought John his greatest joys in those times of pain and suffering. In a sense, the oppressors whom imprisoned John, gave him what he truly wanted. God. In time, John was able to escape the prison cell in which he was held by physically unscrewing the bolts on his door. Thought to be achieved miraculously by some, John was able to creep past the guards, climb down the wall, and regain his freedom. From the time of his escape until the time of his death, John devoted his life to the sharing and explaining of his experience of the Lords grace and love. Saint John of the Cross, in the darkness of your worst moments, when you were alone and persecuted, you found God. Help me to have faith that God is there especially in the times when God seems absent

Bowulf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bowulf - Essay Example To begin with, Hrothgar and Beowulf demonstrate the same level of devotion to the old heroic code of the Germanic tribes. This code placed a lot of value on things like strength and loyalty in warriors, hospitality and political skill in leaders, the presentable nature of women and the good reputation of the people everyone associates with. In describing how he worked to save Beowulf’s father’s good name, Hrothgar tells Beowulf â€Å"Great was the feud that your father set off when his hand struck down Heatholaf in death among the Wylfings. †¦ I then settled the feud with fitting payment, sent to the Wylfings over the water’s back old things of beauty; against which I’d the oath of your father† (459-61; 470-72). In this, Hrothgar is recounting how the two families are connected in honor, allowing him to accept the help of Beowulf without losing any of his current power even though he is no longer physically strong enough himself to rid his king dom of the ogre Grendel. In addition, Hrothgar is aware of the dangers of power that Beowulf is likely to encounter during his lifetime and seeks to warn him of them, indicating a distinct difference between the moral conscience between the civilized culture and that of the barbarian culture that doesn’t recognize such issues. This reflective attitude is mostly seen in his speech to Beowulf just before the Geats depart from Heorot. Here, he warns Beowulf against the sins of pride and greed as they will creep into his heart whether he will or no as he gains power and position among the tribes. â€Å"Beloved Beowulf, best of warriors, resist this deadly taint, take what is better, your lasting profit. Put away arrogance, noble fighter! The noon of your strength shall last for a while now, but in a little time, sickness or a sword shall swipe it from you† (1758-63). This mostly Christian view in a Pagan culture gives medieval man a clue as to